Integrating additive manufacturing into education from the perspectives of Industry 4.0 and Quality 4.0

Abstract

Additive manufacturing technologies, especially 3D printing, are essential for promoting project-based engineering education compliant with Industry 4.0 and Quality 4.0 frameworks. The central focus of this article is the presentation of a concept for an open laboratory designed for 3D printing and intended for supervision-free operation, which specifically aims to promote student autonomy, collaborative learning, and the development of digital competencies. During the research, we conducted a survey on student expectations, and based on the results, we identified functional, IT, and organizational recommendations. To assess the safe operation of the laboratory, we applied three risk analysis methods: SWOT analysis, a risk matrix, and a bow-tie analysis. The analysis highlighted the most critical technical, electrical, occupational safety, IT, and user hazards, as well as strategies for reducing and controlling them. The results show that an unattended 3D printing laboratory is not a low-risk environment; however, it can be operated safely with appropriate controls and technical support. The research emphasizes that the use of digitalization, sensor networks, remote monitoring, and data-driven operations significantly improves the reliability of the laboratory. The proposed model meets the requirements of Industry 4.0 and Quality 4.0 and is well-suited for project-based technical higher education.